What are electrolytes in the context of blood?

Electrolytes are essential minerals found in the blood that carry an electric charge, making option C the correct choice. These charged particles, which include sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride, and magnesium, play critical roles in maintaining various physiological functions. They are vital for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and the regulation of fluid balance in the body.

The concept of electrolytes being charged particles means they are able to conduct electricity, which is crucial for numerous biochemical processes, such as maintaining the acid-base balance and facilitating cellular activity. This electric charge enables them to perform their roles effectively, impacting everything from muscle function to hydration levels.

In contrast, proteins in the blood are involved in various roles, including immune responses, transport, and blood clotting, but they do not function as electrolytes. Fats serve primarily as energy storage and are not classified as electrolytes, while hormones play a regulatory role in bodily functions but are distinct from electrolytes in function and chemical composition.