What does the term "controls" refer to in laboratory testing?

The term "controls" in laboratory testing refers to standardized solutions used for comparison. Controls are essential to validate the accuracy and reliability of test results. They serve as benchmarks to ensure that the testing procedure is functioning correctly and producing dependable outcomes. These controls often consist of known concentrations of analytes that are included in the same assay as patient samples. By comparing test results from patient specimens against these controls, laboratory professionals can identify any discrepancies that might indicate issues with the testing process, such as equipment malfunction or operator error.

Using controls effectively helps laboratories maintain quality assurance and support the integrity of clinical decisions based on test results. Therefore, the role of controls is crucial in the overall process of laboratory testing, guiding adjustments to processes or equipment when necessary and ensuring that the results reported are both accurate and precise.